The essence of the artificial intelligence

The artificial intelligence is very young sphere of investigations that was born in 1956. Its historical way reminds the sinusoid where every success was provoked by the new idea. Nowadays its development has not the best days its results are used by other sciences, industry, business and even every-day life.
There is no exact answer what the artificial intelligence is doing. Almost every author that writes about the artificial intelligence takes one of thousands definitions and considers the science in the sphere of the science's achievements. Usually these definitions can be united into one that is the next: AI is the methods of the tasks solution that demand the human thinking.
In other words AI is destined to solve the intellectual tests. This means the development of the tasks solution ways based on the methods of induction, deduction, knowledge gathering, the ability to apply knowledge, etc.
AI investigates also the methods of the tasks solving that have no solution at all or they are unacceptable (because of the lack of time, the lack of memory, etc.). Thanks to such definition the intellectual algorithms are often used for the NP tasks solving.
AI also investigates the design and development of the human higher nervous activity. AI is the system that is able to use the data and the main thing is that it is able to learn. AI is the systems that are able to substitute experts-people in future that means they will have the same knowledge and abilities and even better.
